Request a Quote
Quality · practical

How to read a certificate of analysis

Most buyers in this category cannot tell a rigorous certificate from a decorative one — and suppliers know it. Here is what to look for, what should make you suspicious, and the questions that get honest answers.

Reviewed August 2026 Reading time ~7 min

Reviewed August 2026 by the Corydalis Labs Technical Team. How we research and review.


Why this is worth ten minutes of your time

You are buying a white powder whose identity you cannot verify by looking at it, from a supplier you likely found online, in a category where the cheaper adjacent compound is chemically similar enough to pass a casual glance.

The certificate of analysis is the entire mechanism protecting you from that. If you cannot read one properly, you do not have the protection — you have a PDF.

What a useful certificate contains

  • A lot code that matches your container. If the certificate does not identify the specific lot, it is describing something other than what you received.
  • The identity of the compound, and how identity was established. A name alone is a claim. A name plus a method is a result.
  • An assay figure — the percentage of the specified compound — again with the method that produced it.
  • A date. Both when the material was produced and when it was tested.
  • Contaminant results where your specification requires them — heavy metals, microbiological, residual solvents, depending on the material and your market.
  • Something that lets you go further — a chromatogram on request, method parameters, a named lab.

What should make you suspicious

Warning signs

  • No method stated. "13-OH: 97%" tells you what someone typed, not what an instrument measured.
  • No lot code, or a lot code that does not match your container.
  • An undated document, or one reused across shipments.
  • Round numbers every time. Real assays land on untidy figures. A supplier whose material is 98% in every lot forever is either extraordinary or not measuring.
  • Reluctance to provide a chromatogram or method parameters. There is no confidential reason to withhold either from a customer.
  • Discouraging third-party testing. This is the loudest signal available, and it is usually dressed as concern about method differences.

Specific to this category

For corydalis-derived material there is one question that matters more than the rest: can this certificate distinguish 13-OH from its parent alkaloid?

Tetrahydropalmatine is cheaper and more widely available. The two compounds separate cleanly under standard reverse-phase HPLC — in our method the parent elutes at 15.0 minutes and 13-OH at 18.8 — so the analysis is neither difficult nor expensive. But it only protects you if someone actually runs it and the certificate reflects that.

Ask any supplier, including us: what method establishes identity, what are the retention times, and will you send the chromatogram? A supplier who cannot answer that quickly is not testing. Our method is published.

The questions that get honest answers

  1. "What method established identity, and what are the retention times?" Tests whether analysis happened.
  2. "Can you send the chromatogram for this lot?" Tests whether the data exists.
  3. "Will you share your method parameters so my lab can reproduce it?" Tests confidence.
  4. "How much does assay vary between lots?" Tests whether they are measuring or reciting.
  5. "Any objection to me sending a retain to an independent lab?" The answer to this one tells you almost everything.

None of these is aggressive and none should cause friction with a supplier who is doing the work. If they do cause friction, that is your answer.

Do it once yourself

Whatever a certificate says, send material to an independent lab once at the start of a supplier relationship. It is a modest cost against the risk of building a production run on the wrong compound, and it converts a document you are trusting into a fact you have verified.

We say this knowing customers will apply it to us. That is the point — a supplier whose material survives independent testing has a stronger position afterwards than one who was simply believed. Our testing programme, and how to verify it.

Ask us the five questions

Request a representative certificate for current material and our identity method parameters. We will send both, and we have no objection to you testing independently.